{"id":43,"date":"2022-05-18T18:12:13","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T18:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.pgcivilrightstrail.org\/?post_type=location&#038;p=43"},"modified":"2023-01-09T21:48:14","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T21:48:14","slug":"belair","status":"publish","type":"location","link":"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/","title":{"rendered":"Protestas contra la segregaci\u00f3n de viviendas en Belair-at-Bowie"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-gallery    is-style-carousel wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\" ><div class=\"block-slides\"><figure  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-image size-full\" ><div class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"513\" data-id=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie1-Medium.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie1-Medium.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie1-Medium-300x240.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie1-Medium-600x481.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Los manifestantes se re\u00fanen frente a la oficina de arrendamiento de Belair-at-Bowie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-image size-full\" ><div class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"514\" data-id=\"73\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie2-Medium.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie2-Medium.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie2-Medium-300x241.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie2-Medium-600x482.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Karl D. Gregory se re\u00fane con agentes del desarrollo de Belair-at-Bowie.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-image size-full\" ><div class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"514\" data-id=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie3-Medium.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie3-Medium.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie3-Medium-300x241.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bowie3-Medium-600x482.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Los ni\u00f1os se reclinan en un patio cercano para ver las protestas a favor y en contra de la segregaci\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><span class=\"nav next\"><\/span><span class=\"nav prev\"><\/span><div class=\"block-caption\"><\/div><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">En octubre de 1960, la firma de bienes ra\u00edces Levitt &amp; Sons abri\u00f3 Belair-at-Bowie a posibles compradores. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">William J. Levitt fue uno de los desarrolladores m\u00e1s exitosos del pa\u00eds. Sus comunidades suburbanas producidas en masa permitieron que muchos estadounidenses despu\u00e9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial lograran el sue\u00f1o de ser propietarios de una vivienda. Sin embargo, Levitt hizo cumplir una pol\u00edtica estricta de solo blancos que excluye a los compradores de viviendas negros de este sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Belair-at-Bowie no fue diferente. Para 1963, se ocuparon m\u00e1s de 2000 casas, pero los compradores negros fueron rechazados. En 1962, la administraci\u00f3n Kennedy prohibi\u00f3 mediante una orden ejecutiva la segregaci\u00f3n en viviendas financiadas con fondos federales, pero Levitt mantuvo su pol\u00edtica. Ese a\u00f1o, Karl D. Gregory, un economista que trabajaba para la Administraci\u00f3n Kennedy y activista del Congreso para la Igualdad Racial (CORE), puso a prueba la pol\u00edtica al presentar una queja ante la Administraci\u00f3n Federal de Vivienda despu\u00e9s de que le negaran las ventas de Levitt. oficina. Sin embargo, Levitt encontr\u00f3 una laguna que lo exim\u00eda de la desegregaci\u00f3n porque el desarrollo fue financiado antes de la promulgaci\u00f3n de la orden ejecutiva.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">CORE organiz\u00f3 una protesta durante todo el verano. En su apogeo, 150 manifestantes formaron piquetes en la oficina de ventas de Levitt. Al final, Levitt no se movi\u00f3. Fue la \u00faltima protesta en una larga campa\u00f1a para acabar con la segregaci\u00f3n de los desarrollos de Levitt con un \u00e9xito limitado. No fue hasta 1968, tras el asesinato del Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., que Levitt renunci\u00f3 a su pol\u00edtica y cit\u00f3 su decisi\u00f3n como un tributo al l\u00edder de los derechos civiles. En ese momento, Levitt hab\u00eda vendido su empresa y el presidente Johnson pronto firmar\u00eda la Ley de Derechos Civiles que proh\u00edbe la discriminaci\u00f3n en la vivienda por completo.<\/p>\n\n<hr  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">En octubre de 1960, la firma de bienes ra\u00edces Levitt &amp; Sons abri\u00f3 Belair-at-Bowie a posibles compradores. William J. Levitt fue uno de los desarrolladores m\u00e1s exitosos del pa\u00eds. Sus comunidades suburbanas producidas en masa permitieron a muchos estadounidenses despu\u00e9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial alcanzar el sue\u00f1o de ser propietarios de vivienda. Sin embargo,<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Levitt impuso una pol\u00edtica estricta de solo blancos que exclu\u00eda a los compradores de viviendas negras de este sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Belair-at-Bowie no fue diferente. En 1963 m\u00e1s de 2.000 casas estaban ocupadas, pero los compradores de viviendas negras fueron rechazados. En 1961, el Washington Post inform\u00f3 que dos compradores de viviendas negros fueron rechazados debido a la pol\u00edtica racista de Levitt. El Comit\u00e9 Americano de Veteranos (AVC), a quien los dos compradores de vivienda acudieron en busca de pr\u00e9stamos, se enter\u00f3 y entr\u00f3. Trabajando con grupos de derechos civiles, el AVC presion\u00f3 a la Administraci\u00f3n Kennedy para que tomara medidas. El 20 de noviembre de 1962, el presidente Kennedy realiz\u00f3 la Orden Ejecutiva 11063, que prohibi\u00f3 efectivamente la segregaci\u00f3n en las viviendas financiadas con fondos federales. Sin embargo, Levitt mantuvo su pol\u00edtica argumentando que la segregaci\u00f3n era buena simplemente para los negocios.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">Ese a\u00f1o, Karl D. Gregory, un economista que trabaj\u00f3 para la Administraci\u00f3n Kennedy, puso a prueba la orden ejecutiva. Gregory fue activista del Congreso para la Igualdad Racial (CORE), donde ayud\u00f3 a dise\u00f1ar una prueba para la discriminaci\u00f3n de vivienda que se presentar\u00eda en los tribunales. Esto implic\u00f3 enviar equipos blancos y negros separados con niveles de ingresos similares a las oficinas de bienes ra\u00edces. En Belair, Gregory hizo que dos amigos blancos lo acompa\u00f1aran a la oficina de ventas de Levitt. Fue solo cuando Gregory entr\u00f3 despu\u00e9s de sus amigos blancos y se present\u00f3 como el comprador de vivienda que el acuerdo fue retirado de la mesa. Gregory present\u00f3 una queja ante la Administraci\u00f3n Federal de Vivienda (FHA). Hubo un problema evidente: una escapatoria en la Orden Ejecutiva 11063 eximi\u00f3 a la desarrolladora Bel Air ya que el proyecto recibi\u00f3 fondos federales antes de que la orden entrara en vigencia. La FHA finalmente admiti\u00f3 que era impotente responsabilizar a Levitt.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">CORE organiz\u00f3 una protesta a lo largo del verano. En su apogeo, 150 manifestantes hicieron manifestaciones en la oficina de ventas de Levitt. A finales del verano, las protestas se intensificaron cuando doce manifestantes pasaron la noche en una casa modelo. Fueron arrestados y la NAACP los rescat\u00f3 y pag\u00f3 sus multas. Al final, Levitt no cedi\u00f3. Fue la \u00faltima protesta en una larga campa\u00f1a para eliminar la segregaci\u00f3n en la desarrolladara de Levitt con un \u00e9xito limitado. No fue hasta 1968, despu\u00e9s del asesinato del Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., que Levitt renunci\u00f3 a su pol\u00edtica, citando su decisi\u00f3n como un tributo al l\u00edder de los derechos civiles. En este punto, Levitt hab\u00eda vendido su compa\u00f1\u00eda, y el presidente Johnson pronto firmar\u00eda la Ley de Derechos Civiles que proh\u00edbe la discriminaci\u00f3n en la vivienda por completo.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">La discriminaci\u00f3n que prevaleci\u00f3 en Belair-at-Bowie muestra c\u00f3mo el racismo era generalizado en la esfera de las viviendas, con Levitt &amp; Sons siendo solo un perpetrador. Alrededor de este mismo tiempo, redlining a menudo limitaba d\u00f3nde los negros podr\u00edan vivir en ciudades y pueblos de todo Estados Unidos. Lo que sucedi\u00f3 en Bowie muestra el poder que el activismo local puede tener para resaltar y corregir la injusticia, incluso frente a la oposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\">COMPARTIR<\/span><\/h2>\n\n<ul  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-social-links is-style-logos-only is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\" ><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?dipslay=popup&#038;u\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-twitter  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url&#038;text\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Gorjeo<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En octubre de 1960, la firma de bienes ra\u00edces Levitt &amp; Sons abri\u00f3 Belair-at-Bowie a posibles compradores. William J. Levitt fue uno de los desarrolladores m\u00e1s exitosos en... <span class=\"more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\">Aprende m\u00e1s<\/a><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":71,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_background_position":"54% 21%","year":"1960","address-full":"12400 Sussex Ln, \nBowie, MD 20715","lat":38.9772653,"lng":-76.7410762,"promoted":false,"footnotes":""},"theme":[15],"taxonomy-location":[10],"class_list":["post-43","location","type-location","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","theme-housing","taxonomy-location-location-43"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Competing Housing Segregation Protests at Belair-at-Bowie - Prince George&#039;s Civil Rights Trail<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the protests against William Levitt and his racist segregated housing policy in this Bowie community and nationwide.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Competing Housing Segregation Protests at Belair-at-Bowie - Prince George&#039;s Civil Rights Trail\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the protests against William Levitt and his racist segregated housing policy in this Bowie community and nationwide.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prince George&#039;s Civil Rights Trail\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mdmilestones\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-09T21:48:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/AP_6309070438-Medium-e1656699772850.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"489\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"534\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@mdmilestones\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\",\"name\":\"Competing Housing Segregation Protests at Belair-at-Bowie - Prince George&#039;s Civil Rights Trail\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/AP_6309070438-Medium-e1656699772850.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-05-18T18:12:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-09T21:48:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about the protests against William Levitt and his racist segregated housing policy in this Bowie community and nationwide.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/es\/destinations\/belair\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/AP_6309070438-Medium-e1656699772850.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pgcivilrightstrail.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/AP_6309070438-Medium-e1656699772850.jpeg\",\"width\":489,\"height\":534,\"caption\":\"Twelve integrationists lie on the floor of a sales office for Levitt &amp; Sons, developer for Belair, a housing development in Bowie, Maryland, Sept. 7, 1963. 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